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The National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) is a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather research laboratory under the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. It is one of seven NOAA Research Laboratories (RLs). NSSL studies weather radar, tornadoes, flash floods, lightning, damaging winds, hail, and winter weather in an effort to improve warnings and forecasts and to save lives and reduce property damage. Researchers at NSSL developed the first Doppler weather radar, and have contributed to the development of NEXRAD (WSR-88D). The group conducts various research experiments using mobile radar systems and continues to make advances in the field of meteorology. NSSL has a partnership with the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS) at the University of Oklahoma that enables collaboration and participation by students and visiting scientists in performing research.〔 The Lab also works closely with the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) and the (National Weather Service Norman Forecast Office ), which are co-located at the National Weather Center (NWC) in Norman, Oklahoma.〔(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Severe Storms Laboratory. About NSSL. ) Retrieved April 30, 2014.〕 The NWC houses a unique combination of University of Oklahoma, NOAA and state organizations that work together to improve understanding of weather. ==History== In 1962 a research team from the United States Weather Bureau's National Severe Storms Project (NSSP) moved from Kansas City, Missouri to Norman, Oklahoma, where, in 1956, the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory had installed a 3 cm continuous-wave Doppler Weather Surveillance Radar-1957 (WSR-57). This radar was designed to detect very high wind speeds in tornadoes, but could not determine the distance to the tornadoes. In 1963, the Weather Radar Laboratory (WRL) was established in Norman and, in the following year, engineers modified the radar to transmit in pulses. The pulse-Doppler radar could receive data in between each transmit pulse, eliminating the need for two antennas and solving the distance problem.〔("National Severe Storms Laboratory NSSL History" )〕 In 1964, the remainder of the NSSP moved to Norman, where it merged with WRL and was renamed the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). Dr. Edwin Kessler became the first director.〔 In 1969, NSSL obtained a surplus 10-cm pulse-Doppler radar from the United States Air Force. This radar was used to scan and film the complete life cycle of a tornado in 1973. By comparing the film with velocity images from the radar, the researchers found a pattern that showed the tornado beginning to form before it could be visually detected on the film. The researchers named this phenomenon the Tornado Vortex Signature (TVS).〔 Research using this radar led to NWS NEXRAD WSR-88D radar network during the 1970s. In 1973, the Laboratory commissioned a second Doppler weather radar, named the Cimarron radar, located west of Oklahoma City. This enabled NSSL to perform dual Doppler experiments while scanning storms with both radars simultaneously.〔 A deliberate decision to collocate research with operations led the National Severe Storms Forecast Center to move from Kansas City to Norman in 1997, changing its name to the Storm Prediction Center.〔 This move would allow for improved collaborations between NSSL and SPC. In 2000, NSSL was funded to build the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) facility. This facility is located in Norman and is designed to develop and test phased array radar technology. Phased array radar is five times faster than current radars and can scan the sky in less than one minute.〔 This same year, the first NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Spring Experiment took place. This would become an annual event to evaluate operational and experimental models and algorithms with the NWS. In 2006, NSSL moved into the new National Weather Center, south of its previous location.〔 NOAA's Radar Operations Center remained at the old site. In 2014, NSSL celebrated it 50th anniversary. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Severe Storms Laboratory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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